Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v PT Garuda Indonesia Ltd (Remedies)

• Jurisdiction: Australia Federal only
• Judge: PERRAM J
• Judgment Date: 30 May 2019
• Neutral Citation: [2019] FCA 786
• Date: 30 May 2019
• Court: Federal Court

FEDERAL COURT OF AUSTRALIA

Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v PT Garuda Indonesia Ltd (Remedies) [2019] FCA 786

File number:	NSD 955 of 2009
Judge:	PERRAM J
Date of judgment:	30 May 2019
Catchwords:	COMPETITION – collusive arrangement – exclusive dealing – respondent found to have contravened s 45 of the Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth) – enforcement and remedies – application for declarations, injunctions and pecuniary penalties – consideration of relevant principles ; PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW – act of state doctrine – distinction between foreign state immunity and act of state doctrine – whether commercial acts of respondent airline had sovereign aspect to them ; PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW – where respondent submitted injunctions and pecuniary penalties would be contrary to customary international law – where respondent argued customary international law relevant to Court’s discretion and power to grant remedies – where respondent argued relevance of principles of ‘accommodation, mutuality and proportionality’ ; STATUTORY INTERPRETATION – factors relevant to imposition of pecuniary penalty – loss or damage flowing from contravention of competition law – consideration of deeming provision in s 45A of the Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth) – whether s 45A can inform assessment of loss or damage under s 76 or limited to establishing breach of s 45 – consideration of Federal Commissioner of Taxation v Comber [1986] FCA 92; 10 FCR 88 and Re Levy; Ex parte Walton (1881) 17 Ch D 746
Legislation:	Acts Interpretation Act 1901 (Cth) s 8 Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth) ss 76, 80 Evidence Act 1995 (Cth) s 55 Federal Court of Australia Act 1976 (Cth) s 21 Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth) ss 4E, 5, 45, 45A, 45DA ; Agreement between the Government of Australia and the Government of the Republic of Indonesia (7 February 2013) 2016 ATS 25 (entered into force 30 December 2016)
Cases cited:	Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Air New Zealand [2014] FCA 1157 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Air New Zealand (No 15) [2018] FCA 1166 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v British Airways PLC [2008] FCA 1977 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Cargolux Airlines International SA [2009] FCA 342 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Cathay Pacific Airways Ltd [2012] FCA 1392 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Coles Supermarkets Australia Pty Ltd [2015] FCA 330; 327 ALR 540 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Construction, Forestry, Mining and Energy Union [2007] FCA 1730; ATPR 42-140 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Dataline.Net.Au Pty Ltd (in liquidation) [2007] FCAFC 146; 161 FCR 513 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Emirates [2012] FCA 1108 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Gullyside Pty Ltd [2005] FCA 1727; (2006) ATPR 42-097 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Leahy Petroleum (No 2) [2005] FCA 254; 215 ALR 281 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v J McPhee & Son (Aust) Pty Ltd (No 5) [1998] FCA 310; ATPR 41-628 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij NV (KLM) [2009] FCA 341 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Korean Air Lines Co Ltd [2011] FCA 1360 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Liquorland (Australia) Pty Ltd [2005] FCA 683; ATPR 42-070 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Malaysia Airline System Berhad (No 2) [2012] FCA 767 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Martinair Holland NV [2009] FCA 340 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v McMahon Services Pty Ltd [2004] FCA 1425; ATPR 42-031 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Midland Brick Co Pty Ltd [2004] FCA 693; 207 ALR 329 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Qantas Airways Limited [2008] FCA 1976; 253 ALR 89 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Singapore Airlines Cargo Pte Ltd [2012] FCA 1395 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Société Air France [2009] FCA 341 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Telstra Corporation Ltd [2010] FCA 790; 188 FCR 238 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Thai Airways [2012] FCA 1434 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Yazaki Corporation [2018] FCAFC 73; 357 ALR 55 Australian Competition and Consumer Commissioner v Japan Airlines International Co Ltd [2011] FCA 365 BMW Australia Limited v Australian Competition and Consumer Commission [2004] FCAFC 167; 207 ALR 452 Commonwealth v Director, Fair Work Building Industry Inspectorate [2015] HCA 46; 258 CLR 482 Construction, Forestry, Mining and Energy Union v Cahill [2010] FCAFC 39; 194 IR 461 Federal Commissioner of Taxation v Comber [1986] FCA 92; 10 FCR 88 Firebird Global Master Fund II Ltd v Republic of Nauru [2015] HCA 43; 258 CLR 31 Flight Centre Ltd v Australian Competition Commission (No 2) [2018] FCAFC 53; 356 ALR 389 Hunter Douglas Australia Pty Ltd v Perma Blinds (1968) 122 CLR 49 International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers v Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries 649 F2d 1354 (9th Cir 1981) Markarian v The Queen [2005] HCA 25; 228 CLR 357 Mill v The Queen (1988) 166 CLR 59 Mornington Inn Pty Ltd v Jordan [2008] FCAFC 70; 168 FCR 383 Muller v Dalgety & Co Ltd [1909] HCA 67; 9 CLR 693 NW Frozen Foods Pty Ltd v Australian Competition and Consumer Commission [1996] FCA 1134; 71 FCR 285 PT Garuda Indonesia Ltd v Australian Competition and Consumer Commission [2011] FCAFC 52; 192 FCR 393 PT Garuda Indonesia Ltd v Australian Competition and Consumer Commission [2012] HCA 33; 247 CLR 240 R v Kilic [2016] HCA 48; 259 CLR 256 Re Levy; Ex parte Walton (1881) 17 Ch D 746 Re Queensland Co-operative Milling Association Ltd (1976) 8 ALR 481 Rural Press v Australian Competition and Consumer Commission [2003] HCA 75; 216 CLR 53 Singtel Optus v Australian Competition and Consumer Commission [2012] FCAFC 20; 287 ALR 249 Spectrum Stores Inc v Citgo Petroleum 632 F3d 935 (5th Cir 2011) Tax Practitioners Board v Su [2014] FCA 731 Trade Practices Commission v CSR Ltd [1990] FCA 762; (1991) ATPR 41-076 Visy Paper Pty Ltd v Australian Competition and Consumer Commission [2003] HCA 59; 216 CLR 1
Date of hearing:	22 and 25 June 2018
Date of last submissions:	16 May 2019 (Applicant) 23 May 2019 (Respondent)
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